Clinical Trials And Thyroid Cancer - 1254 Words

Clinical Trials and Thyroid Cancer: Thyroid cancer is often recurrent and difficult to treat. As a result, patients have been taking part in clinical trials of new and innovative treatments. Clinical trials are defined as carefully controlled research studies that are done with volunteer patients. Differentiated thyroid cancer, as explained in a previous section, can be divided into papillary, follicular, and Hà ¼rthle cell arising from follicular cells. The hallmark of follicular thyroid cells is the active uptake of iodine from the bloodstream with organification (meaning the iodine has a reasonably long residence time)18. Even with the most aggressive form of RAI treatment, some patients do not achieve control of the tumor, and†¦show more content†¦Pryma and Mandel concluded that, â€Å"Numerous pathways have been shown to be aberrant in a significant fraction of patients with iodine-refractory advanced thyroid cancer and several therapies targeting these pathways ha ve been tested or are actively being tested in clinical trials†.16 (Figure 6). Figure 6 | Pathways for Clinical Trials Pryma and Mandel also examined radioiodine as a, â€Å"prototypical theranostic agent permitting both imaging and therapy†18. The researchers are hopeful that the therapeutic refinement of RAI treatment will permit decreased (or absent) dose (and decreased toxicity) in the patients who are destined to do well, increased dose in the patients who will benefit from treatment, and more appropriate discontinuation or modification of therapy in those unlikely to benefit from single-agent radioiodine therapy18. It is important to note that in clinical trials for patients with iodine-refractory disease, radioiodine is still highly effective in patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer and should still be used18. Overall, the future of therapy in advanced differentiated thyroid cancer is likely to include multiagent treatment18. Clinical trials an d research have also focused in on patients with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP). FAP is an autosomal dominant syndrome with a predisposition for colorectal cancer19. Lifetime risk of thyroid

Gay and Lesbian Advertising Free Essays

string(36) " belonging is to the gay community\." Advertising â€Å"Out† of the Box In 1994, Ikea created a wave of controversy when they became one of the first companies to market to the gay community on mainstream daytime television. Despite the initial backlash; this ad eventually sparked countless other companies jump on the â€Å"Gay and Lesbian Advertising Bandwagon†. But what is the motive behind advertising specifically to this community, do the businesses take a genuine interest in the gay community or is it strictly for expanding business? Additionally, once a business decides to advertise using gay content, what is the appropriate way to go about doing so, and how does their strategy differ between gays and lesbians? Only 4 to 10% of the population identifies themselves as gay or lesbian. We will write a custom essay sample on Gay and Lesbian Advertising or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Okenfull, 50) So why are businesses so concerned with gaining the support of this demographic? One of the biggest reasons being their buying power. While they don’t make more than heterosexual couples, a large majority are not raising children, so they have more disposable income. Thus, they have even been referred to as the â€Å"Dream Market† with a potential buying power of $641 billion annually (Okenfull, 49). Because this is the foremost reason why advertisers go after the gay community, this makes us question whether they have a genuine interest in the gay community. â€Å"We market to gays and lesbians for business reasons because we want to sell out product to consumers. It doesn’t get more complicated than that. â€Å" -Miller beer spokeswoman (Sender, 2) It is common knowledge that the only point of advertisement is to drive in more business. However, analyzing the overall impact of advertising on society, it seems as if there is more that comes into play than just a business decision. In fact, regardless of the company’s motive to produce advertisements that have gay content, the overall impact of infiltrating gay content into mainstream media has actually helped advance and liberate the gay community. Big corporations not only reflect society’s current values, but they are also largely responsible for shaping society’s values. If there are more gay and lesbian imagery in the media, society will adapt he perception that they are everywhere and normalizes gayness. Also, having large corporations back a minority-based cause, will make the majority more accepting and make the people in opposition to the cause seem more ignorant. Essentially, even just the facade of a company publicly declaring their support for gayness makes a powerful statement to society. Not only is appearing to be in support of gay rights is something that will boost your business, but to have any anti-gay statement or claims can detrimentally hurt your company as well. In 1977, Coors was accused of firing gays, along with several other minority groups. Journal of Community Research) Not long after much controversy, chairman Pete Coors adopted an Gay-Friendly policy and also extended benefits to same-sex couples. In 2000, Coors hiked up their spending on gay advertising, putting them in the number two spot for most money spent on gay advertisements. (Chura, 1) After a company becomes seen as anti-gay, it is evident that they must fight desperately to overcome this stigma just to stay in the game. Beer is a prime example of a product that’s advertisements have saturated the gay market to the extent of which if you do not participate, then you’re stance on gay rights is questioned. There is a very positive outcome for the many companies that show their support to the gay community as well as a negative outcome for companies that don’t. Despite this; it still leaves many consumers skeptical of their motives. Many advertisements, in a failed attempt to show acceptance, have become the target of gay critics. The harshest of backlash of these ads are in ones in which they depict obvious and offensive gay stereotypes. It is evident that advertisers must handle these types of ads with care, depicting gay stereotypes can lead to further segregation rather than promoting equality. Gay consumers are very skeptical to how a company presents gay advertisements, but perhaps the biggest obstacle is to still keep heterosexual consumers that are turned off by or blatantly opposed to homosexuality. When Ikea first ran their ad on daytime television, there was a positive response from gay consumers. However, during this time period it still created enough controversy that outweighed the benefits of appealing to that market. This is when agencies quickly realized that limiting their advertisements to the confines of strictly gay and lesbian print media such as OUT magazine was a safer route for the time being. Although the initial reaction by heterosexuals to this first commercial was negative and controversial, this was also a time in history where the attitude around gay media was at a turning point . Gay shows became less of a niche market, and more mainstream. â€Å"More recently, gay-oriented shows such as the L Word, Will and Grace, Ellen, Queer as Folk, and Queer Eye for a Straight Guy have increasingly pushed the boundaries of cultural accepatnce of homosexuality and have diminished the risk of backlash for firms who are percieved to be â€Å"gay friendly. † (Okenfull, 50) Shows dealing with this content presumably have made the hetereosexual community more understanding to this type of lifestyle and generationally speaking, the current generation became much more likely to support the gay rights movement. Thus, integrating gay ads into mainstream television and print media was back on the table. Because the decision for advertisers to target the gay community is still a very controversial subject for both straight and gay consumers, it is imperative to acknowledge the vast differences in how to effectively target this audience. First, it is important to recognize gay male consumers and lesbian female consumers as a very different audience. Additionally, it is important to assess how strong their gender identity is. The strength of one’s gender identity is based on several different factors, such as how strong their involvement and sense of belonging is to the gay community. You read "Gay and Lesbian Advertising" in category "Essay examples" Gay males that are identified as having a high degree of sexual identity, are more attracted to ads that display explicit gay content. (Okenfull, 54) To illustrate an ad that is â€Å"explicitly† gay, (refer to picture 1), I chose Virgin Mobiles â€Å"Hook up Fearlessly†. The ad almost positively insinuates that the two males depicted in the ad are gay, if not gay, then extremely turned on by the a gay act. This type of explicitness would be most attractive to males who have a high gay identity rather than low. There is a large power construct in this advertisement. The male with wings is forcefully holding down the other male to kiss him while the male on bottom, while he does seem submissive, he is still enjoying the act taking place. I personally like this ad; mostly because of the actual relevance to the buying process. Consumers always have an apprehension to buying products, let alone a phone contract. This ad is conveying to the potential consumer to just give in and try it. While the male on bottom might have been apprehensive about the kiss, just as â€Å"You’ll Love Us† guarantee gives you the freedom to chose without â€Å"strings attached†. It is a â€Å"Just try it! † ad, and while hooking up in an office space is taboo; doing it with with a gay angel is even more controversial and daring, and you might just â€Å"Love It†. I like this ad because it communicates the point fluidly, and replaces any uncertainty with a sense of empowerment and fearlessness. While ads like these are very effective in communicating with the demographic who have a strong sense of gender identity, low identity gays and lesbians are more responsive to a less explicit type of advertising. Generally, gays and lesbians who have a low sense of gender identity want to define themselves by traits other than just their sexual preference. By being less explicit, they get the opportunity to read between the lines, not feel alienated by their gender identity, and not have their identity to be oversexualized. To target this audience, advertisers indicates gayness without actually using a lesbian or gay couple. Instead they use implicit gay imagery which uses symbols and phrases that indicates gayness such as rainbows, pride, and being â€Å"out†. (Okenfull, 55) To illustrate an add that does this, I chose Chevy’s electric car ad (refer to ad 2). There are a mother and father car facing their child car. The caption says â€Å"Mom, Dad, I’m electric. † The bottom of the page uses a thin bar that is intended to look like a rainbow. The copy at the bottom is â€Å"So, whatever revs your engine, we support you 100%, Happy Motor City Pride from the entire Chevrolet family. † This is another ad that I think is done beautifully. They used a social norm of what society knows as the â€Å"coming out scene†. The electric car is declaring that it is not just any old car, just as a gay or lesbian would have to come out to their parents that they are not just another heterosexual. What also intrigues me about that ad is the italics on â€Å"I’m electric†. This is presumably a play off the upbeat â€Å"It’s electric† song. The car is excited to tell its parents that he is gay, conveying a sense of empowerment and excitement, instead of how we typically think of this moment, which can often be a shameful and intimidating moment for many children. I also really like the ad for it’s relevance to the gay community. According to a recent survey, only ? of hetereosexuals admitted to being concerned about the environment while 55% of gays and lesbians identified that they are more likely to â€Å"go green†. (Koretzky). It is targeting consumers that are interested in their message, while also encouraging acceptance and becoming empowered. While even high identity lesbians are most attracted to implicit gay imagery, their liking towards explicit lesbian imagery comes secondary (before explicit gay imagery). But interestingly enough, lesbian imagery is extremely underrepresented. It was reported that in one of leading gay and lesbian magazines, The Advocate, lesbian-targeted imagery accounted for only 3% of the magazine advertising. Why is this? (Okenfull, 65) Not only do lesbians have typically just as much buying power as gay males, but heterosexual consumers are even more comfortable with lesbian imagery over gay imagery, which lowers the risk of heterosexuals being offended or turned off from a product. In general, lesbians are less discriminated than gays. his is something that shows up in the workplace; according to a recent study, gay males make 23% less than straight males, lesbians make about the same as straight women. (Williams Institute) Perhaps society taking a particular favoritism to lesbianism is the very reason that advertisements that depicting lesbians couples in ads targeted towards lesbians are more underrepresented. There is a oversexualization attenuated by the het erosexual community of how lesbians are viewed. I chose an ad that was apart of a campaign for a swiss Italian ski resort (picture 3). A website was commenting on the success of this ad with the title of the Article â€Å"Lesbians Good for Ski Business. † the comment on this ad stated, â€Å"Seems some brilliant ad agency came up with a campaign to promote the Swiss Italian ski resort Airolo by featuring two women about to kiss (pictured above). We’re going to hazard a guess that the intended demographic was not lesbians. They were probably targeting lager louts looking for a good stag party getaway now that Prague has kicked them out. † (Get Outdoor Blog) The imagery does not have any clever tagline, or anything to empower lesbains. In fact, one of the main centerpieces of the point of this ad is the male in the background completely enamored and excited by the thought of two girls kissing. The comment on the article even states that â€Å"the intended demographic was not lesbains. † and makes the point that this ad was to promote a party scene. In fact, most viewers probably would not even assume the two girls in the ad as lesbians. By no means does the ad seem to support the gay community, it rather just sexualizes the fantasy of watching two women make out. A sexual lesbian experience can be arousing to straight men and women, conveying a â€Å"party† type of experience while if the couple was actually a gay couple about to engage in a kiss, this ad would most likely be only arousing to gay men, and convey the message that â€Å"We are a gay friendly place† rather than a â€Å"Party Place†. Another advertisement that depicts the sexual objectification of women is the Nikon ad. There is a hand holding up a camera in which he captures the image of two women in lingerie on top of each other. While the gender of the person taking the photo is not identified, it appears to be a male. Because of the interest in the (presumed) male figure, this ad makes it very evident that the relationship between the two women is not a committed lesbian relationship. It is portrayed to be just a sexual one with an objective to please the male. The copy at the bottom states that the Nikon S60 detects up to 12 faces. When you look closer at the ad, you can spot four males in the adjacent apartment building watching the girl-on-girl action. Many consumers were very upset with this ad, believing it to be both sexist and delegitimizing to lesbian relationships. They made the argument that, the advertisement is sexist relies heavily on the notion that the lesbians are unwitting, innocent subjects violated by a voyeuristic male glaze. † (Turnbell) The writer refutes this argument by stating that the two women made the conscious decision to objectify themselves by leaving the curtains open, as well letting another male to capture their (not-so) intimate moment on a camera. Addition ally, the ad is relevant to the product because it successfully communicates in a clever way that that even though the faces are so far away, the camera is advanced enough to still detect the voyeurs faces. Personally, I completely agree with the writer’s argument. However, I would also argue that these types of ads do present a problem to the lesbian community. How can advertisements tastefully depict a lesbian encounter that meaningfully supports and empowers the lesbian community? Also, how can you conveys that the two women are legitimately homosexual, rather than a sexualizing their experience? This objectification of the lesbian relationship is likely why many lesbian advertisements are underrepresented. In general, they are most comfortable to advertisements that use implicit hints of sexuality rather than involving males or females (such as the car commercial). Some argue that â€Å"lesbians are female versions of male sexuality†, but this argument is scrutinized because lesbians describe their experience to be completely different. Typically, lesbians are more socially accepted than gay males are. However, they have to fight harder to convince society that their identity is more than just a sexual desirability of a female. One company that has successfully done so is JC Penny’s. In 2012, they released their â€Å"Freedom of Expression† ad (See Picture 5) that features two mothers and their daughter. While a group called â€Å"One Million Mothers† presented backlash to this ad, the overall response was positive. There is no overt sexual nature in this picture, it is just depicting a family photo with two mothers. â€Å"As jcpenney focuses on becoming America’s favorite store, we want to be a store for all Americans. In celebration of Mother’s Day, we’re proud that our May book honors women from diverse backgrounds who all share the heartwarming experience of motherhood. † -Eric Bovin (ABC news) In conclusion; advertisers have recognized the great importance of tapping into the gay market. Not only is establishing your company as being in support of this cause positive, but in some markets; it is necessary. Overall, Advertising to the gay and lesbian community is not one-size-fits-all. It are also specific precautions that you must take in entering into this type of market. Not only are you going up against the criticisms of anti-gay groups, but you are also up against the scrutiny of whether your advertisement is legitimate or whether you are using the leverage of the gay community to seem more accepting and grow your consumer base. There are Advertising Agencies must take into account the way in which homosexuals identify themselves in terms of their involvement as well as the how males and females differ in what appeals to them. Works Cited Hilary Chura, â€Å"Coors hikes spending on gay ads, March 27, 2000 Katherine Sender, Business Not Politics: The Making of the Gay Market, New York: Columbia University Press, 2005, 331 pp. , â€Å"The Dynamics of Brand Legitimacy: An Interpretive Study in the Gay Men’s Community (PDF)†. Journal Article, Journal of Consumer Research, University of Chicago Press. JSTOR 10. Going Green, Going Gay? Micheal Koretzky, Jan 13, 2011 The Williams Institute, â€Å"Documented Evidence of Employment Discrimination and Its Effects on LGBT People† (July 2011). Get Outdoors Blog, â€Å"Lesbians for Good Ski Business† (Decemebr 21,2007) James Turnbell, â€Å"A Sexist Advertisement? Lesbians and the Politics of the Male Glaze† (December 13, 2008) ABC News, â€Å"JC Penney Features Same Sex Couple in May Catalouge†, (May 12, 2012) How to cite Gay and Lesbian Advertising, Essay examples

Ryan Vergara

Ryan Vergara-Mangan Essay Which side would you have chosen? This paper explains why this authorwould have supported the north for 3 key reasons: Slavery, unity, and thelegacy of the revolution. The first reason is that slavery is wrong. It is an abomination tohumanity. The slaves were also mistreated. They were like animals. Theywere also transported to this country against their will. They were broughtvia slave ships that many slaves died on. They had no say they were forcedon board. Just like animals. This is one of the reasons why some wouldsupport the north. Then there is unity. According to the north the original reason forthe civil war was to preserve the union. If the union was preserved the USmight stand a chance in the future. Also this would signal the end of therepublic experiment as the US being the only republic able to stand sinceGreece. The founding fathers took a risk of making this country so, andthey even disputed about policy, like Jefferson in states rights. Lincolnsaid it best, A house divided cannot stand!Last of all there are the founding fathers. Washington would beashamed of the south for breaking away. The colonies were slaves to theBritish, and now the Africans as slaves to the colonists. However you cantreally blame the south, the were following Jefferson. They were the samefounding fathers that said all men are created equal. Needless to say, theywould be ashamed of the confederacy. This concludes this history paper. Hopefully you have gained insightin the paper.

The Effects of the US Army Corp Engineers Lock and Dam System on Recreation

Table of Contents Abstract History of the Locks and Dams Introduction Maintenance of the Locks and Dams The Effects of the Locks and Dams on Recreation Conclusion Reference List Abstract This paper examines the findings and the work of the US Army Corp of Engineers locks and dams. Included in the content are history of the locks and dams, where, when and why they were built. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Effects of the US Army Corp Engineers Lock and Dam System on Recreation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The materials used in constructing them, their mode of maintenance procedures and the rivers along which they are found are also discussed. The paper also gives the reasons as to why the Corps of Engineers came up with the idea of building the locks and dams and thus their main mission and reasons for the facilities and how the facilities have affected recreation. History of the Locks and D ams The US Army Corps of Engineers discovered an elaborate and wide navigation system along the river Ohio. This was before the Second World War. It had fifty three locks and dam facilities that encouraged navigation from down the river Pittsburgh to the confluence of river Ohio and Mississippi. From the early 1950’s, the initial system was started by the building of eighteen new and modernized locks and dams. Since then it is known that only two of the old structures are still in use. The newer dams stretch across a total river elevation of over 400 feet. This is put at an average of 22ft per dam. It is noted that the old dams averaged at 8ft per dam. This makes the pooling of the new dams much larger than that of the old ones (as it is indicated in the US Army Corp of Engineers Laboratory Report). Ballard (1998) argued that at the time there were about 28,000 lock and dam structures being used on a yearly basis. The aim of this paper is to examine the effects of the US Ar my Corp Engineers lock and dam systems on recreation. The history and maintenance of the locks and dam systems will also be examined. Introduction The lock and dam systems were discovered by the US Army Corp Engineers after they discovered an elaborate navigation not only in Ohio River but also in the Mississippi River. This was also found in other smaller rivers such as the Wisconsin and the Alabama Rivers. As we all know, the USA as much as it might be the land of opportunity as many would like to call it, it is also faced with natural calamities such as flooding caused by hurricanes and tornados that are common across the country. As a result, the Corp Engineers decided to build locks and dams for major reasons such as disaster response, flood reduction and flood damage control, environmental maintenance, restoration of ecosystem, inland navigation. In addition, they also used the facilities as a source of recreation. They did this by constructing new facilities using new and mo dernized equipment to replace the old facilities that were otherwise wearing out. Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They also took into consideration the cost of maintenance for the locks and dams and as a result they chose their materials appropriately and with a lot of caution. As discussed earlier, only two of the old structures are in operation today. These two must have been strong, resilient and very resistant to harsh conditions such as corrosion and abrasion (Ballard, 1998). Despite the fact that the Army Corp of Engineers had maintenance in their mind, the report from their research laboratory compiled by Tim Race, Vince Hock and Al Beitel (cited in Kleber, 2001) showed that the distinctiveness of the new dams developed design difficulties that caused maintenance problems. For instance, â€Å"it was found that the water flowing through the tainter gates o f the new dams had a velocity of over 35 ft per second,† (Kleber, 2001. p. 17). To add to this it was also noted that large amounts of debris majorly logs that had wider feet in diameter generally flew down the river. Underwater baffles were situated down the stream from each tainter gate for the purpose of doing away with turmoil downstream from new dams. These baffles were found to make a hydraulic effect against the downstream tainter skin plates (Walter, 2000). The Corp Engineers also found out that the strong water velocity combined with river debris and suspended water particles like river salt led to a very abrasive environment within the river. As a result, in this kind of environment the engineers’ vinyl coating meant to protect the locks and dams got eroded very quickly. It is noted that substrate corrosion and coating failure naturally took place at a short period of between one to two years. This abrasion problem is more serious on the Ohio River locks and dams facilities. On the contrary, the Corps’ vinyl paint system on the Mississippi river is very long lasting. As a result, the abrasion on the Mississippi river is mainly caused by the flow of ice during winter. The engineers â€Å"estimated the abrasion at Greenup locks and dams on the Ohio River at fifteen times more serious than the typical Mississippi river dams due to the different specific model features of Ohio and Mississippi river dams,† (Walter, 200, p. 33). The Corps’ vinyl was originally used in the 1950’s along the Mississippi river. It was a combination of a red lead vinyl prim or with vinyl intermediate and a top coat system. This was not reapplied on the twenty third lock and dam at Hannibal MO until 1981. The outcome was that the inside parts of this gate did not undergo abrasion and was taken for inspection and returned to service immediately without being repainted.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Effects of the US Army Corp Engineers Lock and Dam System on Recreation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It can be concluded that the twenty third gate at Hannibal was used as a control experiment by the engineers to find out the quality and longevity of the vinyl coating. Following are the explanations of the procedures the Corps of Engineers followed in selecting coatings and sealers for their evaluation. Also discussed is the way they applied some of the individual coating and the composition of each coating. This is useful information because it tells how the Corps of Engineers came up with their vinyl coating. It also gives a hint of how intelligent they were. For them to come up with such calculations they must have gone through an advanced institution of learning, contrary to common belief that most corps are nothing but school dropouts. The evaluation procedure was a bit intense as revealed from the Corps of Engineers repor t (cited in Kraman, 1998). The report says that they chose eight metalized coatings and sealer systems for the examination. These were coated with thermal spray materials which included: aluminum-bronze alloy which was made by mixing 89 percent of copper (Cu), 10 percent aluminum (Al) and 1 percent iron (Fe): stainless steel (in composition stainless steel has 18 percent chromium (Cr), 8 percent nickel (Ni), and its major component, iron (Fe) with a percentage of about 74); zinc–aluminum alloy which is made up of 85 percent zinc (Zn) mixed with 15 percent aluminum whose chemical formula is written above; and pure zinc which is used in its molten form. Maintenance of the Locks and Dams In order to identify the quality and quantify of the extent of maintenance problems found on the locks and dams facilities along the Ohio River, the Corp Engineers conducted a survey of the performance of various metal coating and sealers. Briefly put the locks and dams were maintained by coat ing with alloys of different metals and other purely molten metals. These were chosen based on their degree of adhesion, hardness, commercial availability and corrosion resistance. The metals and alloys used include: stainless steel which was chosen because it has high corrosion resistance to fresh water, salt water and chemical solutions; zinc which has a long history of being used as a metalizing material; and aluminum–bronze alloy which is known to have an outstanding corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance nature.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Effects of the Locks and Dams on Recreation Apart from earlier mentioned reasons for constructing the locks and dams, the dams also create recreation like boating and others. On the available twenty eight thousand locks and dams for use, recreation activities such as the ones listed below take place: Use of inter reservoirs by long distance recreations Water bound snowboarding Tour vessels and tourists opportunities Water transport opportunities for commodities such as grains, chemicals, iron and steel and forest products (this is as cited in Griffes, 2004) From the recreation and tourism data obtained from Blue Rock state park in Muskin County’s annual use of locks and dams on the river, the locks’ usage are categorized as below: Lock boaters: this phrase refers to the number of people in the boats going through the locks. Other boaters: this phrase describes the people who launch from the boat tramps on the pool but do not use the locks. Fishermen: these are mo stly the people who carry out fishing activities in the rivers but do not use the locks. They may fish from boats or along river banks. Picnickers: these are people who are on picnic activities. Visitors: mostly local and international tourists who want to explore the locks and dam (Kleber, 2001). There are also riverside businesses such as resorts, campgrounds, access ramps, marinas, swimming pleasure boating, hunting and wild life observation (Ballard, 1998). Further recreation and other positive effects of the locks and dams can be examined by looking at the activities that take place at the Little Goose lock and dams on the Snake River that has its confluence in Columbia River. The locks and dams on this river â€Å"provide navigation, incidental irrigation, hydroelectric generation as well as recreation,† (Ballard, 1998, p. 67). It is a multipurpose project and has a dam, powerhouse, and navigation lock and fish passage facilities. The engineers started its construct ion in June 1963 and started to use it in May 1970. The powerhouse in this lock and dam generates 810 megawatts of electricity and an area estimated at 5,398 acres of land around the river and surrounding Lake Bryan is used for public recreation, wildlife habitat, wildlife mitigation and other water-related industrial developments. In as much as the locks and dams have very significant effects, the Corps of Engineer had to evaluate the safety of these facilities to make sure that no life was lost as a result of using them. Therefore they carried out a survey of all the locks and dam facilities in the country and devised a safety plan for them. They tried their level best to ensure that these structures were safe for use. They came up with a safety program that had basic public safety as their main priority. They assessed it on the river’s probability of low, medium or high safety issues. This method also involved ways of developing and implementing interim risk reduction m easures that decreased the certainty or consequences of unacceptable performance. They were meant to decrease short term issues to public safety as the Corps worked on long term solution to these risks. The Corps undertook and is still undertaking several measures to maximize public safety. These measures include: The construction of a navigation gate and floating bulkhead placement and operation plan The updating of the emergency action plans The execution of a complete spillway hydrology and hydraulic study The creation of inundation maps in electronic forms The execution of emergency exercises Carrying out a potential failure mode test (Walter, 2000) Conclusion From the introduction, history and discussion it can be concluded that the construction of locks and dams by the US Army Corp Engineers was a noble thing to do. It has brought a lot of good things to the American citizens such as job opportunities for fishermen and boaters. It has also earned foreign exchange for the cou ntry from tourists who come to see the locks and dams. People also enjoy many more leisure activities and the locks and dams also keep the country in check and out of worry of flooding. As a result, the idea of the construction of the locks and dams should be extended to other countries of the world faced by challenges of flooding and other environmental degradations due to heavy flooding from heavy rains. Reference List Ballard, J. (1998). The history of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Michigan: DIANE Publishing. Griffes, P. (2004). Pacific boating almanac 2004: Pacific Northwest. New York: ProStar Publications. Kleber, J. (2001). The encyclopedia of Louisville: volume 2000. Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. Kraman, M. (1998). Ports ’98: conference proceedings: volume 2. New York: American Society of Civil Engineers. Walter, W. (2000). Safety engineering and risk analysis, 2000: presented at the 2000 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. Washington, D.C.: American Society of Mechanical Engineers. This research paper on The Effects of the US Army Corp Engineers Lock and Dam System on Recreation was written and submitted by user Haleigh Lindsey to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sample Essay Question and Answer For College Placement Exam

Sample Essay Question and Answer For College Placement ExamIt is important to know the right sample essay question and answer for college placement exam. All students are required to give samples on essay to score high in college entrance exams. The reason is the placement exam has different format and task and is different from the regular entrance exams.Since each of the essays has a main purpose, an overall performance would be expected of the student and he or she should write a good composition. Though, this may be the first time for the student to write a specific essay, it will surely help them in scoring higher in the examination. Therefore, it is important that they know how to write samples in an effective manner. Here, you can know more about sample question and answer essay for college placement.There are lots of sources from where one can learn the proper way of writing sample essay. But, for students, it is better to read books first to get the right idea of it. Also, t here are some sample question and answer for college placement exam and they can be found in books and other resources. It is best that you choose a book that is ideal for the topic. It will be beneficial for you if you read in depth about the right ways of writing sample essay.Sample questions and answers for college placement is one of the kind essay question and answer for college placement exam. It is a valuable resource to know more about the subject. One can use this essay samples to gain an insight about the topic. Thus, it is important to know the topics from which you can get all the information.If you want to learn more about the topic, one can also search for research papers and other information on college placement exam and sample question and answer for college placement. Reading the paper can be beneficial to gain more information and knowledge about the topic.Sample essay question and answer for college placement is also available online. However, you need to know th at it is useful but at the same time, it is also confusing since there are hundreds of websites where you can find sample essays.One of the best ways to find the right essay samples is by doing some research and gathering all the information about it. You can collect all the information from magazines, blogs, websites and other resources. You can also go through the book and internet resources so that you will know more about the subject and hence, you will know more about how to write sample essays for college placement.

Complex Ions and Precipitation Reactions

Complex Ions and Precipitation Reactions Among the most common reactions in the qualitative analysis are those involving the formation or decomposition of complex ions and precipitation reactions. These reactions may be performed directly by adding the appropriate anion, or a reagent such as H2S or NH3 may dissociate in water to furnish the anion. Strong acid may be used to dissolve precipitates containing a basic anion. Ammonia or sodium hydroxide may be used to bring a solid into solution if the cation in the precipitate forms a stable complex with NH3 or OH-. A cation is usually present as a single principal species, which may be a complex ion, free ion, or precipitate. If the reaction goes to completion the principal species is a complex ion. The precipitate is the principal species if most of the precipitate remains undissolved. If a cation forms a stable complex, the addition of a complexing agent at 1 M or greater generally will convert the free ion to complex ion. The dissociation constant Kd can be used to determine the extent to which a cation is converted to a complex ion. The solubility product constant Ksp can be used to determine the fraction of cation remaining in a solution after precipitation. Kd and Ksp are both required to calculate the equilibrium constant for dissolving a precipitate in a complexing agent. Complexes of Cations with NH3 and OH- Cation NH3 Complex OH- Complex Ag+ Ag(NH3)2+ Al3+ Al(OH)4- Cd2+ Cd(NH3)42+ Cu2+ Cu(NH3)42+ (blue) Ni2+ Ni(NH3)62+ (blue) Pb2+ Pb(OH)3- Sb3+ Sb(OH)4- Sn4+ Sn(OH)62- Zn2+ Zn(NH3)42+ Zn(OH)42-

All About the Major French Verb Faire

All About the Major French Verb Faire The irregular verb faire  (to do or to make)  is one of the 10 most frequently used verbs in the French language alongside à ªtre,  avoir, dire, aller, voir, savoir, pouvoir, falloir, and vouloir. Faire is also used to form  the causative construction and in numerous idiomatic expressions. 'To Do' or 'To Make' Faire means to do and to make in most senses that these verbs are used in English. Je fais la lessive:  Im doing the laundry.Je fais mes devoirs: Im doing my homework.Je fais du bricolage: I do odd jobs/DIY projects.Je fais un gà ¢teau: Im making a cake.Je fais des projets: Im making plans.Je fais des progrà ¨s: Im making progress. Exceptions When the intent is to communicate to make, the French tend to be more specific, and, instead of faire, they would use, for example, fabriquer, construire, obliger, forcer, donner,  or a whole list of alternate verbs. In the following instances, idiomatic usage calls for  the verbs rendre and prendre, not faire: When to make is followed by an adjective, it is translated by rendre: Ça me rend heureux: That makes me happy. To make a decision is expressed with  prendre une dà ©cision: Jai pris une dà ©cision: I made a decision. Causative Construction The  causative  construction  faire  plus an infinitive describes when someone or something has something done, makes someone do something, or causes something to happen. Je fais laver la voiture: Im having the car washed.Il ma fait laver la voiture: He made me wash the car.Le froid fait geler leau: Cold makes water freeze. Expressions With 'Faire' Faire is used in a number of idiomatic expressions, including many related to weather, sports, math, and everyday life. Il fait du soleil: Its sunnyIl fait froid:  Its cold out.il fait beau/il  fait beau temps:  Its nice weather./Its nice out./The weather is fine/nice.Je fais du ski: I ski.Je fais du golf: I golf.Deux et deux font quatre: Two plus two equals (makes) four.Je fais de lautostop:  Im hitchhiking.Il fait sa tà ªte:  He acts impulsively.Ça fait parti de notre projet:  Thats part of our plan.faire 5 kilomà ¨tres:  to go 5 kilometersfaire trois heures: to be on the road for three hoursfaire acte de prà ©sence:  to put in an appearancefaire attention :  to pay attention to, watch out forfaire bon accueil:  to welcomefaire de la peine quelquun:  to hurt someone (emotionally or morally)faire de la photographie:  to do photography as a hobbyfaire des chà ¢teaux en Espagne:  to build castles in the airfaire des cours:  to give classes, lecturesfaire des à ©conomies:  to save up/to save money/to economizefaire de son mieux:  to do ones bestfaire du lard  (familiar): to sit around doing nothingfaire du sport:  to play sports faire du thà ©Ãƒ ¢tre:  to be an actor/to do some actingfaire du violon, piano:  to study violin, pianofaire dune pierre deux coups:  to kill two birds with one stonefaire face :  to oppose/to face up tofaire fi:  to scornfaire jour, nuit:  to be daytime, nighttimefaire la bà ªte:  to act like a foolfaire la bise, le bisou:  to kiss hellofaire la connaissance de:  to meet (for the first time)faire le mà ©nage:  to do housework Conjugations You will find  all tenses  of  faire  conjugated elsewhere; for now, here is the present tense to illustrate just how irregular this essential French verb is. Present tense je faistu faisil faitnous faisonsvous faitesils font