Staff Nurse Appraisal free essay sample

There is a greater chance that the performance appraisal will have a positive outcome if certain conditions are present before, during, and after the interview. Before the Interview * Make sure that the conditions mentioned previously have been met (e. g. , the employee knows the standard by which his or her work will be evaluated), and she has a copy of the appraisal form. Select an appropriate time for the appraisal conference. We will write a custom essay sample on Staff Nurse Appraisal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page * Be prepared mentally and emotionally for the conference yourself. * Schedule uninterrupted interview time. * Plan a seating arrangement that reflects collegiality rather than power (placing the chairs side by side) During the Interview * Greet the employee warmly, showing that the manager and the organization have a sincere interest in his or her growth. * Begin the conference on a pleasant, informal note. Ask the employee to comment on his or her progress since the last performance appraisal. * Avoid surprises in the appraisal conference. * Use coaching techniques throughout the conference. * When dealing with an employee who has several problems select the major ones. * Listen carefully to what the employee has to say. Focus on the employee’s performance and not on his or her personal characteristics. * When delivering performance feedback, be straightforward and state concerns directly. Never threaten, intimidate, or use status in any manner * Let the employee know that the organization and the manager are aware of his or her uniqueness, special interests, and valuable contributions to the unit. * Use terms and language that are clearly understood and carry the same meaning for both parties. Avoid words that have a negative connotation. * Mutually set goals for further growth or improvement in the employee’s performance. Plan on being available for employees to return retrospectively to discuss the appraisal review further. After the Interview Both the manager and employee need to sign the appraisal form to document that the conference was held and that the employee received the appraisal information * End the interview on a pleasant note. * Document the goals for further development that have been agreed on by both parties. * If the interview reveals specific long-term coaching needs, the manager should develop a method of follow-up to ensure that such coaching takes place. Reference: Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing Theory and Application.

The Oppressors and Heretics of Animal Farm

The Oppressors and Heretics of Animal Farm Free Online Research Papers Animal Farm is a political allegory written by George Orwell and about the animals taking over the farm, which was originally owned by a human. Albert Camus quoted, â€Å"Every revolutionary ends up either by becoming an oppressor or a heretic.† There are always two types of revolutionaries: revolutionaries who want to have power and revolutionaries who just want the happiness of people. Camus’s quote is very true, because there are great examples like Napoleon, Snowball and the other animals in this book. In Animal Farm, Napoleon and the pigs became oppressors and Snowball and the other animals became heretics. The quote by Albert Camus explains that a revolutionary could become an oppressor. In Animal Farm, Napoleon and the pigs became oppressors. There are many evidences in the book. After the rebellion, all animals had to work in the farm and fields. However, the pigs believed that they were the smartest among all the other animals, so they insisted that they should not work in order to work with their brain for Animal Farm, which they said is very tiring. Also, when the cows had to be milked, the pigs milked them and drank the product themselves, not sharing with the other animals. In addition, apples were reserved for the pigs only. After Napoleon became the leader of the Animal Farm with Snowball, Napoleon wanted to have the whole control of the Animal Farm to himself. So Napoleon used his privately raised dogs to run after Snowball and expelled him. After Snowball got expelled, Napoleon began the windmill plan, which was originally planned by Snowball, even though he was against it w hen Snowball came up with this idea. Also, he oppressed other animals to fulfill his desire. He executed the hens and other animals for contacting with Snowball. As the time pass, he became more and more like humans. For example, he drank alcohols that he got from selling Boxer to the horse slaughterer. The next day, he got a hung over and the pigs thought that Napoleon was dying. They began to get used to Mr. Jones’s possessions. They slept in beds and wore clothes which weren’t allowed by the original seven commandments. However, the pigs began to change the seven commandments. At the end, the commandments became â€Å"All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others,† which actually means that the pigs are better than other animals. The pigs abused their power for their own good. The quote by Albert Camus also explains that a revolutionary could end up becoming a heretic. Even though all pigs abused their power, Snowball was way better than the other pigs. He ended up becoming a heretic. There are various evidences of Snowball becoming a heretic. He worked very hard for the animals and didn’t abuse his power compared to Napoleon and the other pigs. For instance, he flung himself to Mr. Jones during the battle of Cowshed even though he got shot by Mr. Jones and got a bloody streak on his back. Also, he planned the windmill project so that the animals could have better lives. However, Napoleon expelled him by abusing his power. He made fierce dogs chase Snowball out of the farm, which was unfair for Snowball. Napoleon made the animals think that Snowball was an awful leader, even though what Snowball did was to make the Animal Farm better. Other than the pigs, there are many revolutionaries behind the rebellion. Most of the animals participated in the rebellion against Mr. Jones. After the rebellion, they all worked very hard for their farm. They had to harvest rice and work on the windmill project. Among all the animals, Boxer was the hardest working animal in the farm. His two personal mottos were â€Å"Napoleon is always right† and â€Å"I will always work harder.† Boxer came out to work an hour earlier than other animals and went back to the farm an hour or more later than others. One day, he worked to his limit and collapsed. The pigs told the animals that Boxer was being sent to a hospital, but they were actually selling him to a horse slaughterer. Benjamin, a close friend of Boxer, knew that he was sent to a horse slaughter but he couldn’t do anything. Boxer was the hardest working animal in the farm, but was sent to a horse slaughter instead of getting compensation. In conclusion, Napoleon and the pigs abused the power for their own good and Snowball and other animals did not. Therefore, animals except the pigs were working really hard and starving, not enjoying the fact that Mr. Jones is not ruling them. Just like Albert Camus quoted, every revolutionary in the Animal Farm became either an oppressor or a heretic. The animals should have found a way that every animal could be happy an enjoying their lives. Research Papers on The Oppressors and Heretics of Animal FarmGenetic EngineeringNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Spring and AutumnHip-Hop is ArtEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenQuebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraDefinition of Export QuotasBringing Democracy to AfricaAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2

Siege of Acre in the Crusades

Siege of Acre in the Crusades Siege of Acre - Dates Conflict: The Siege of Acre took place August 28, 1189 to July 12, 1191, during the Third Crusade (1189-1192). Commanders Crusaders Guy of LusignanRobert de SableGerard de RidefortRichard the LionheartPhilip Augustus Ayyubids Saladin Siege of Acre - Background: In the wake of his stunning victory at the Battle of Hattin in 1187, Saladin swept through the Holy Land capturing Crusader garrisons. This culminated with the successful Siege of Jerusalem that October. One of the few Crusader cities to withstand Saladins efforts was Tyre which was administered by Conrad of Montferrat. Unable to take Tyre by force, Saladin attempted to obtain it through negotiation and treaties. Among the items he offered was the King of Jerusalem, Guy of Lusignan, who had been captured at Hattin. Conrad resisted these entreaties, though Guy was ultimately released. Approaching Tyre, Guy was refused admission by Conrad as the two had argued over the formers ascension to the throne. Returning with his wife, Queen Sibylla, who held legal title to the kingdom, Guy again was refused entry. Lacking options, Guy established a camp outside of Tyre to await reinforcements from Europe who were responding to the call for a Third Crusade. These arrived in 1188 and 1189 in the form of troops from Sicily and Pisa. Though Guy was able to sway these two groups into his camp, he was unable to come to an accord with Conrad. Requiring a base from which to attack Saladin, he moved south to Acre. Opening Stages: One of the most heavily fortified cities in the region, Acre was located on the Gulf of Haifa and was protected by large double walls and towers. Arriving on August 28, 1189, Guy immediately moved to assault the city despite the fact that the garrison was twice the size of his army while Sicilian ships began a blockade offshore. This attack was easily defeated by the Muslim troops and Guy began a siege of the city. He was soon reinforced by a variety of soldiers arriving from Europe as well as by a Danish and Frisian fleet which relieved the Sicilians. The Battle of Acre: Among the arrivals was Louis of Thuringia who convinced Conrad to provide military aid. This development concerned Saladin and he moved to strike Guys camp on September 15. This attack was repulsed though the Muslim army remained in the area. On October 4, Saladin again approached the city and began the Battle of Acre. In a day of bloody fighting, the strategic situation changed little as he was unable to dislodge the Crusaders from in front of the city. As the autumn passed, word reached Acre that Frederick I Barbarossa was marching to the Holy Land with a large army. The Siege Continues: Seeking to end the standoff, Saladin increased the size of his army and laid siege to the Crusaders. As the double siege ensued, the two sides contested control of the waters off Acre. This saw both sides exert control for period which allowed additional supplies to reach the city and the Crusader camp. On May 5, 1190, the Crusaders attacked the city but achieved little. Responding, Saladin launched a massive eight-day attack on the Crusaders two weeks later. This was thrown back and through the summer additional reinforcements arrived to bolster the Crusader ranks. Though their numbers were increasing, conditions in the Crusader camp were deteriorating as food and clean water were limited. Through 1190, disease ran rampant killing both soldiers and nobles. Among those who died was Queen Sibylla. Her death reignited the succession debate between Guy and Conrad leading to increased dissention in the Crusader ranks. Sealed in on land by Saladins army, the Crusaders suffered through the winter of 1190-1191 as the weather prevented receiving reinforcements and supplies by sea. Attacking the city on December 31 and again on January 6, the Crusaders were again turned back. The Tide Turns: On February 13, Saladin attacked and succeeded in fighting his way through to the city. Though the Crusaders ultimately sealed the breach, the Muslim leader was able to replenish the garrison. As the weather improved, supply ships began reaching the Crusaders at Acre. Along with fresh provisions, they brought additional troops under the command of Duke Leopold V of Austria. They also brought word that King Richard I the Lionheart of England and King Philip II Augustus were en route with two armies. Arriving with a Genoese fleet on April 20, Philip began constructing siege engines for assaulting Acres walls. He was joined on June 8 by Richard who landed with 8,000 men. Richard initially sought a meeting with Saladin, though this was cancelled when the English leader fell ill. Effectively taking control of the siege, Richard pounded away at Acres walls, but attempts to exploit the damage were thwarted by diversionary attacks by Saladin. These allowed the citys defenders to make needed repairs while the Crusaders were otherwise occupied. On July 3, a major breach was created in Acres walls, but the subsequent assault was repulsed. Seeing little alternative, the garrison offered to surrender on July 4. This offer was refused by Richard who rejected the terms offered by the garrison. Additional efforts on Saladins part to relieve the city failed and following a major battle on July 11, the garrison again offered to surrender. This was accepted and the Crusaders entered the city. In victory, Conrad had the banners of Jerusalem, England, France, and Austria raised over the city. Aftermath of the Siege of Acre: In the wake of the citys capture, the Crusaders began quarreling amongst themselves. This saw Leopold return to Austria after Richard and Philip, both kings, refused to treat him as an equal. On July 31, Philip also departed to settle pressing issues in France. As a result, Richard was left in sole command of the Crusader army. Crushed by the citys surrender, Saladin began gathering resources to ransom the garrison and conduct a prisoner exchange. Displeased by the exclusion of certain Christian nobles, Richard refused Saladins first payment on August 11. Further talks were broken off and on August 20, feeling that Saladin was delaying, Richard ordered 2,700 prisoners executed. Saladin retaliated in kind, killing those Christian prisoners in his possession. Departing Acre on August 22 with the army, Richard moved south with the intention of capturing Jaffa. Pursued by Saladin, the two fought the Battle of Arsuf on September 7 with Richard achieving a victory. Selected Sources History of War: Siege of AcreHistoryNet: Siege of Acre Medieval Sourcebook: Siege and Capture of Acre

Financial Accounting Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Financial Accounting - Coursework Example It was also decided that the auditors would also have to follow the International Standards of Auditing (ISA), so that it would be easier to analyze the financial statements of the company on a global platform. The objective of this study is to discuss the improvement in the quality of information that users of financial statement get in IAS environment. Developing a strong accounting system is of significant importance because ability of the investors and the banks to calculate and assess the financial strengths and the performances of the companies depends on the transparent corporate accounting system. There should be mandatory consolidation of accounts along with the subsidiary accounts for ascertaining the true profitability. There was lack of segmented reporting of income, other disclosures, extent of deferred tax liabilities, etc. These were few reasons for which a common accounting standard was introduced. The Regulatory Framework for Financial Reporting All the companies in UK have to comply with the company laws regardless of its size. It was also important for companies to develop financial statements for the investors to analyze the financial position of the company. It is also the legal responsibility of the directors to see that the company is working in compliance to the accounting standards. According to the Companies Act of 1985, companies must represent a true and fair view of their accounting statements. In 1990s, the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) was set up for setting the accounting standards in UK. It was a solely independent body set up by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and the City institutions. In the year 2000, the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) reviewed the IAS. It was proposed that all the EU companies would have to prepare their accounts or financial statements by following the IAS standards. It was estimated that about 7000 companies in EU were accountable for using IAS, whereas there w ere only 275 companies who were using IAS till then. All the measures required were taken to establish IAS as a law in EU. This regulation was applicable for the detailed accounting provisions. It was on the member states to choose whether they wanted to permit their unlisted companies to follow the IAS standards. However the UK Accounting Standard Board (ASB) did take several initiatives to narrow down the gap between IAS and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). IAS is still being modified and it has become IASB in the process of converging IAS and GAAP. A survey was conducted by Pricewaterhouse Coopers in the year 2002 among 650 Chief Financial Officers (CFOs), all across the European Union to find the response of the companies towards the usage of IAS. It was found that 62 percent of the CFOs agreed to the fact that IAS would help in establishing an effective and transparent accounting system for them. 85 percent of the companies still did not use IAS, 92 percent of t he CFOs were confident of meeting their deadlines of 2005 and about 60 percent did not even begin their planning for transition. International Accounting Standards (IAS) The study aims at discussing the different aspects of IAS, in order to analyze the improved quality of

Strategic Leadership Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Strategic Leadership - Coursework Example e the resources of the company are correctly and effectively being used and activities are being correctly and accurately being reported (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson, 2012). Some of the examples of these controls include budgets, bank reconciliations, cross segregation of duties e.g. for book-keeper posting cash and the receiver of mails, etc. Therefore, from the definitions and examples above, it is evident one major difference between the two is that, strategic controls affect the whole company activities (internal and external) while financial control focus on the internal environment more specifically, the financial resources of the company (Bert, n.d.). It is important to note that a leader’s influence can only be felt within the organization if such a leader behaves ethically. Therefore, given that the human capital play a significant role in determining the company’s success, then there is need for me as a manager responsible for developing and training employees to behave ethically in order to cultivate a better culture in the subordinates. Moreover, I believe that my position is in tandem with many strategic leaders because of the changing workplace environment due diversity in culture, attitude and work ethics. Therefore, to be able to retain better and efficient talent within the organization, many strategic leaders have started investing huge resources in developing and nurturing the talent of subordinates by ensuring that they behave ethically to be able to exercise maximum influence on the

War Poets and the five senses Essay Example for Free

War Poets and the five senses Essay Poetry can evoke a wide spectrum of emotions ranging from sadness to exultation through the poets manipulation of the 5 primal senses; sight, sound, taste, smell and touch. This essay shall explore the emotive language used by Great War poets in order to evoke the senses in the reader, so that the more abstract issues in war can become tangible in those who are lucky enough to have never experienced battle. All forms of imaginative literature, including drama and film, follow the same principle, which can be summed up in the slogan, Show, dont tell. This quote definitely also applies to poetry, for it is often said that to directly tell the reader the tone or the imagery in poetry is heavy-handed. Wilfred Owen, in his poem Dulce Et Decorum Est, uses imagery to brutal effect. Bent double like old beggars under sacks this simile brings to mind the poor, crippled, dirty beggar that has been through hardship after hardship. Dim, through the misty panes and thick green light, as under a green sea, I saw him drowning This image of a man drowning under the horrific mustard gas employed in World War One is a powerful one, and makes the reader, who likely doesnt know of mustard gas, understand the horror Owen went through. Siegfried Sassoon also used the Great Wars terrible imagery in his poetry. In his poem Prelude: The Troops he uses short, simple descriptive words spread throughout a stanza to constantly reinforce the drudgery of the image he is trying to instill in the reader. Shapeless gloom drizzling daybreak stamp their sodden boots dulled, sunken these. Dispersed throughout a stanza, these words are certainly effective while not being obvious. Sight is the most useful and oft-manipulated sense that poetry uses to construct mental and tangible images that speak to the reader from abstract ideas, situations or feelings. Sound is often referred to as the secondary sense, after sight, though it has just as much power and influence when described correctly. Sound specifically in war poetry has a very prominent place. Anthem for Doomed Youth fully utilizes sound, though the language Owen uses is simple and poignant. stuttering rifles rapid rattle shrill, demented choirs of  wailing shells these quotes, when read, immediately evoke the sounds of artillery and gunfire, common sounds in the Great War. Owen utilizes this to give the sense of overbearing, foundation shaking explosions and to give the reader an auditory feeling of being in the trenches. Arbitrary and abstract ideas expressed in this way become very real when reading them out loud to yourself. Smell is perhaps the most primal of all the five senses. Though imagery and sound are used most often in film and other media, smell is forgotten. However, smell is one of the most powerful of all the senses in its ability to affect the reader. Who has ever forgotten the stench of rotting meat, or of gunpowder. Siegfried Sassoons the rank stench of those bodies haunts me still is indicative of this. By using the primal sense of smell poets can access the deeper parts of the human psyche, and instill deep emotions in the reader without the reader even realizing it. Owen and Sassoon knew this and both utilize it often in their poetry. Relating to the topic, tangible means to be perceptible by the senses; Earlier on in the evolutionary sense we evolved from animals whose primary sense was smell, and to become tangible, an abstract issue must affect the primary or base emotions. Smell is the most effective in this. Taste is lesser known in poetry because it is so difficult to adequately describe, though Owen tries in Dulce Et. Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues Taste is perhaps the most difficult of the senses to accurately describe, thus is also harder to use to make abstract ideas less so. Touch is one of the most effective senses a poet can manipulate to make abstract ideas more tangible. Through invoking the sense of touch, a poet can stir the reader to easily imagine what the poet wants. Most of all in war poetry, touch is embodied in the sense of pain, for war is the cause of more pain than anything else. Wilfred Owens poetry almost always speaks of pain, death and suffering, and indeed this is true in almost all war poetry. Everyone has experienced physical pain at some stage in their life thus the usage of pain in poetry is always going to affect the reader, for every  reader understands pain. Pain is perhaps the primary feeling during wartime. Emotional or physical, none leave the trenches without experiencing it and by using it in poetry, the reader understands with perfect clarity what the poet is describing, just by imagining their own pain. The five senses are the most important things in poetry, for while an abstract idea may be perfect in its conception and tone, it cannot truly speak to a reader without allowing the reader to feel the poetic message in a more primal way. Wilfred Owen and Sigfreid Sassoon surely understood this as the senses are strong components of their respective works. This allows their poetry to speak to any reader, and explains their huge popularity among the poetic world. The five senses are difficult to describe and harder to use, but without them abstract issues such as in Dulce Et Decorum Est would be difficult indeed to appreciate.

Punk :: essays research papers

Punk is the best. It rocks. And now, fjfdsl sdjfh dfhasdfh alhfasljkdh sdfhaskjh fahdsflkasjdh flksdahf lahdsflkjsadhf lkashdflkjasdhf lkadshflkjasdhflkahdskfhksdhfka dshfhsadlkfh lksadhflkasdhflkjhlkj hlkjf hlkjsdh flkjashlf kjlhdsafkj hlaskdjh fakjdshfl jdsf dbn dnasdf adsnfasdnfansdnfnadf nsadf nsdfnsadf ndsf nasdfnsdf nsdfnsadfnasdfansdf nsadfasdnf andsf sdnfasdnfn andsf nsdafand fnsadfnsdaf nasdf nsadfnsadfndsf nsadf nsadfnsdanf nsadfnasdf ansdf nasdf nasdfnsafnasdnf nasdfnasfnsfdan andsf snadfsandf nsadf nsadf sndf nasdfnd fnasfdnasfndf ansdf nsadf nsadfnsadfa ndsfsadf nasdf ansdf ansdf ansdf nsadf snadf asndf asndf ansdf nasdfndsaf sdnfndfa ndsf asndf ndasf ndsf ansdf andsf adasnf andsf nasdf nasdf sadnf ajdf fjasd fa. fjngsdjf gjsdf gsdmf gsfdg sfdjg jfdsg jf gjsdfgjsdgjsdfgjsfdjgfd g fd gndg ndsgsndgnsdgnsdg g nsg nsdg nsdg nsdg nsdg nsdg nsdg jnsdgsdf gj sfdg mnsg mnsg nmsdg ,nmdsg ,mndg ,mnsgd f g,dsfg sdnmg ,mnsdg ,smndg ,mndsg ,mnsg hbdvg bsgmdg mn sgmg smf gmfd mg gmgd mmnbsg mnbsmg mmgb gbmdgmng nbf gmnbg smnsdg g sbmnbg smfgb gfsgmnbg msgbgssgbngd g sbg mg gfbgfb gf mgsgbd dg gfbmbgsdmfg msfbg smdgsmg bf fjfdsl sdjfh dfhasdfh alhfasljkdh sdfhaskjh fahdsflkasjdh flksdahf lahdsflkjsadhf lkashdflkjasdhf lkadshflkjasdhflkahdskfhksdhfka dshfhsadlkfh lksadhflkasdhflkjhlkj hlkjf hlkjsdh flkjashlf kjlhdsafkj hlaskdjh fakjdshfl jdsf dbn dnasdf adsnfasdnfansdnfnadf nsadf nsdfnsadf ndsf nasdfnsdf nsdfnsadfnasdfansdf nsadfasdnf andsf sdnfasdnfn andsf nsdafand fnsadfnsdaf nasdf Punk is the best. It rocks. And now, fjfdsl sdjfh dfhasdfh alhfasljkdh sdfhaskjh fahdsflkasjdh flksdahf lahdsflkjsadhf lkashdflkjasdhf lkadshflkjasdhflkahdskfhksdhfka dshfhsadlkfh lksadhflkasdhflkjhlkj hlkjf hlkjsdh flkjashlf kjlhdsafkj hlaskdjh fakjdshfl jdsf dbn dnasdf adsnfasdnfansdnfnadf nsadf nsdfnsadf ndsf nasdfnsdf nsdfnsadfnasdfansdf nsadfasdnf andsf sdnfasdnfn andsf nsdafand fnsadfnsdaf nasdf nsadfnsadfndsf nsadf nsadfnsdanf nsadfnasdf ansdf nasdf nasdfnsafnasdnf nasdfnasfns fdan andsf snadfsandf nsadf nsadf sndf nasdfnd fnasfdnasfndf ansdf nsadf nsadfnsadfa ndsfsadf nasdf ansdf ansdf ansdf nsadf snadf asndf asndf ansdf nasdfndsaf sdnfndfa ndsf asndf ndasf ndsf ansdf andsf adasnf andsf nasdf nasdf sadnf ajdf fjasd fa. fjngsdjf gjsdf gsdmf gsfdg sfdjg jfdsg jf gjsdfgjsdgjsdfgjsfdjgfd g fd gndg ndsgsndgnsdgnsdg g nsg nsdg nsdg nsdg nsdg nsdg nsdg jnsdgsdf gj sfdg mnsg mnsg

Physiological Psychology and Ocd Essay

Physiological Psychology is as described by Kalat (1998) as the study of the physiological, evolutionary, and developmental mechanisms of behaviour and experience. It is devoted to the study of brain functioning, how Neurons and Glia convey messages to one another and other parts of the body for it to function and work accordingly. Future studies of physiological psychology will help predict behavioural patterns in society and how brain functions can be â€Å"rewritten† through cognitive therapies .e.g. alcoholism, drug addictions. Kalat (1998) further goes onto explain that a Biological psychologist (physiological psychologist) try to answer four types of questions about any given behaviour, how it relates to the physiology of the brain (what parts of the brain are active) and other organs, how it develops within the individual, how did the capacity for this behaviour evolve and why did this behaviour evolve. Without the physiological understanding of how brain process work in relation to behaviour it is difficult to correctly diagnose a behaviour pattern and its cause. Kalat (1998) describes that â€Å"having a little anxiety can be useful†, however OCD is a condition in which there is excessive anxiety. OCD can be explained to a patient in simple physiological terms explaining the behaviour of the brain, for example: OCD patients often have a broken mechanism (being a synapse interaction) in their brain that would usually stop a thought once you have it. In an OCD patient it does not (stop the thought) – so the thought is allowed to revolve. This seems in description that it would sound more like a broken record than OCD really does, but that isn’t what really happens. OCD can be genetic but is most certainly physiological in nature. Without an understanding of brain functioning and how these neurons interact, how can psychologists work to alleviate the symptoms of the disorder? Research into the biological causes and effects of OCD has revealed a link between OCD and insufficient levels of the brain chemical, serotonin. Serotonin is one of the brain’s chemical messengers that transmit signals between brain cells. Serotonin plays a role in the regulation of mood, aggression, impulse control, sleep, appetite, body temperature and pain. For example persons with unregulated serotonin lead to destructive antisocial behaviour patterns, which society commonly experiences on a growing scale. All of the medicines used to treat OCD raise the levels of serotonin available to transmit messages. Without physiological psychological research into the effects that these medicines have on the brain society would lack the knowledge and understanding of how to diagnose and appropriately treat disorders such as OCD. Modern brain imaging techniques have allowed researchers to study the activity of specific areas of the brain. Such studies have shown that people with OCD have more than usual activity in three areas of the brain. These are: The caudate nucleus, specific brain cells in the basal ganglia, located deep in the centre of the brain this area of the brain acts as a filter for thoughts coming in from other areas. The caudate nucleus is also considered to be important in managing habitual and repetitive behaviours. When OCD is successfully treated with drugs or therapy, the activity in this area of the brain usually decreases. This shows that both drugs and a change in â€Å"thinking† can alter the physical functioning of the brain. The prefrontal orbital cortex, located in the front area of the brain the level of activity in the prefrontal orbital cortex is believed to affect appropriate social behaviour. Lowered activity or damage in this region is linked to feeling uninhibited, making bad judgments and feeling a lack of guilt. More activity may therefore cause more worry about social concerns. Such concerns include: being meticulous, neat and preoccupied with cleanliness, and being afraid of acting inappropriately. All of these concerns are symptoms of OCD. The cingulate gyrus, in the centre of the brain the cingulate gyrus is believed to contribute the emotional response to obsessive thoughts. This area of the brain tells you to perform compulsions to relieve anxiety. This region is highly interconnected to the prefrontal orbital cortex and the basal ganglia via a number of brain cell pathways. The basal ganglia, the prefrontal orbital cortex and the cingulate gyrus all have many brain cells affected by serotonin. Researchers believe that medicines that raise the levels of serotonin available to transmit messages may change the level of activity in these areas of the brain. Kalat (1998) offers the idea that drugs intended to control anxiety alter activity at amygdale synapses. â€Å"One of the amygdala’s main excitatory neuromodulators is CCK (cholecystokinin), which increases anxiety, and the main inhibitory transmitter is GABA, which inhibits anxiety.† Without physiological research into the how and why of brain function, people with disorders such as OCD would not be able to function â€Å"normally† within society. However this type of research and study is not limited just too diagnosing disorders in those with suspected behavioural problems but also allows insight into society as a whole and its interaction socially, emotionally and habitually. New and innovative studies through physiological research have shown that cognitive behavioural therapy can change activity in certain areas of the brain. The discovery could have important clinical implications on how talk therapies improve brain function and advance mental health. Researchers discovered significant changes in activity in certain regions of the brain can be produced with as little as four weeks of daily therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder as published in the journal Molecular Psychiatry. â€Å"The study is exciting because it tells us more about how cognitive-behavioural therapy works for OCD and shows that both robust clinical improvements and changes in brain activity occur after only four weeks of intensive treatment,† said Saxena. Past studies using functional brain imaging studies of patients with OCD have demonstrated that elevated activity along the frontal-sub cortical circuits of the brain decreases in response to treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) medications or cognitive-behavioural therapy. However, clinical improvement of OCD symptoms was expected to require up to 12 weeks of behavioural therapy or medication treatment, the standard treatments for OCD. Only a handful of studies have looked at how therapy affects brain function, and all previous studies had examined changes over several months of treatment. Continual studies into physiological psychology will enhance clinical practises and provide a platform for more effective treatment of the symptoms related to this disorder. Saxena and colleagues at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA made two novel discoveries in their study of 10 OCD patients and 12 control subjects. â€Å"First of all, we discovered significant changes in brain activity solely as the result of four weeks of intensive cognitive-behavioural therapy,† said Saxena. â€Å"Secondly, these changes were different than those seen in past studies after a standard 12-week therapeutic approach using SRI medications or weekly behavioural therapy.† The researchers obtained positron emission tomography (PET) scans of the ten OCD patients both before and after they received four weeks of a therapy known as â€Å"exposure and response prevention,† which gradually desensitizes patients to things that provoke obsession fears or worries. However, the PET scans in this study also showed a significant increase in activity in an area of the brain called the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, a region involved in reappraisal and suppression of negative emotions. Increasing activity in this region corresponded to the OCD patients’ improvement in clinical symptoms after the four-week course of intensive therapy. It is possible to see the huge amount of information that physiological research has bought forth to society through just these examples alone. Physiological psychology is the study of the physiological basis of how we think, connecting the physical operation of the brain with what we actually say and do. It is thus concerned with brain cells, brain structures and components, brain chemistry, and how all this leads to speech and action. Further research as to how growing debilitating disorders such as OCD could be eliminated or drastically reduced in severity has weight in its importance. The research however does not stop with OCD diagnosis but has relevant importance to understand how we take in information in general from our five senses. Future studies based on OCD research could be more relevant than we think to other major issues facing society such as depression, drug addiction and mental health. It is imperative for governing bodies to fund education and research into the study of physiological psychology for this very reason. References: Kalat 1998 Biological Psychology Molecular Psychiatry Molecular Psychiatry 14, 197-205 (February 2009) | doi:10.1038/sj.mp.400213

Democratic Party Essay

Running as the Speaker of the House for the Democratic Party, we will ensure children will be receiving their education from a strong and healthy school. The Michelle Obama fitness plan promotes a healthier lifestyle for children in school. Her campaign is called â€Å"Let’s Move† and she has a lot to offer to families. This campaign offers all of the necessities needed in order to make healthy choices. This campaign also promises healthier food choices in the nations schools along with affordable, attainable, healthy food in their communities. Her plan motivates kids to be active in and out of school. We will also promise that students learning will be tested differently. Instead of multiple choice tests, which some students do not perform well, we will have more hands on tests. These types of tests will determine the placement of classes for students. Running as the Speaker of the House for the Democratic Party, we will ensure children will be receiving their education from a strong and healthy school. The Michelle Obama fitness plan promotes a healthier lifestyle for children in school. Her campaign is called â€Å"Let’s Move† and she has a lot to offer to families. This campaign offers all of the necessities needed in order to make healthy choices. This campaign also promises healthier food choices in the nations schools along with affordable, attainable, healthy food in their communities. Her plan motivates kids to be active in and out of school. We will also promise that students learning will be tested differently. Instead of multiple choice tests, which some students do not perform well, we will have more hands on tests. These types of tests will determine the placement of classes for students. Running as the Speaker of the House for the Democratic Party, we will ensure children will be receiving their education from a strong and healthy school. The Michelle Obama fitness plan promotes a healthier lifestyle for children in school. Her campaign is called â€Å"Let’s Move† and she has a lot to offer to families. This campaign offers all of the necessities needed in order to make healthy choices. This campaign also promises healthier food choices in the nations schools along with affordable, attainable, healthy food in their communities. Her plan motivates kids to be active in and out of school. We will also promise that students learning will be tested differently. Instead of multiple choice tests, which some students do not perform well, we will have more hands on tests. These types of tests will determine the placement of classes for students. Running as the Speaker of the House for the Democratic Party, we will ensure children will be receiving their education from a strong and healthy school. The Michelle Obama fitness plan promotes a healthier lifestyle for children in school. Her campaign is called â€Å"Let’s Move† and she has a lot to offer to families. This campaign offers all of the necessities needed in order to make healthy choices. This campaign also promises healthier food choices in the nations schools along with affordable, attainable, healthy food in their communities. Her plan motivates kids to be active in and out of school. We will also promise that students learning will be tested differently. Instead of multiple choice tests, which some students do not perform well, we will have more hands on tests. These types of tests will determine the placement of classes for students. Running as the Speaker of the House for the Democratic Party, we will ensure children will be receiving their education from a strong and healthy school. The Michelle Obama fitness plan promotes a healthier lifestyle for children in school. Her campaign is called â€Å"Let’s Move† and she has a lot to offer to families. This campaign offers all of the necessities needed in order to make healthy choices. This campaign also promises healthier food choices in the nations schools along with affordable, attainable, healthy food in their communities. Her plan motivates kids to be active in and out of school. We will also promise that students learning will be tested differently. Instead of multiple choice tests, which some students do not perform well, we will have more hands on tests. These types of tests will determine the placement of classes for students. Running as the Speaker of the House for the Democratic Party, we will ensure children will be receiving their education from a strong and healthy school. The Michelle Obama fitness plan promotes a healthier lifestyle for children in school. Her campaign is called â€Å"Let’s Move† and she has a lot to offer to families. This campaign offers all of the necessities needed in order to make healthy choices. This campaign also promises healthier food choices in the nations schools along with affordable, attainable, healthy food in their communities. Her plan motivates kids to be active in and out of school. We will also promise that students learning will be tested differently. Instead of multiple choice tests, which some students do not perform well, we will have more hands on tests. These types of tests will determine the placement of classes for students. Running as the Speaker of the House for the Democratic Party, we will ensure children will be receiving their education from a strong and healthy school. The Michelle Obama fitness plan promotes a healthier lifestyle for children in school. Her campaign is called â€Å"Let’s Move† and she has a lot to offer to families. This campaign offers all of the necessities needed in order to make healthy choices. This campaign also promises healthier food choices in the nations schools along with affordable, attainable, healthy food in their communities. Her plan motivates kids to be active in and out of school. We will also promise that students learning will be tested differently. Instead of multiple choice tests, which some students do not perform well, we will have more hands on tests. These types of tests will determine the placement of classes for students.

All About Americas Gilded Age

All About Americas Gilded Age The Gilded Age. The name, popularized by American author Mark Twain, conjures images of gold and jewels, lavish palaces, and wealth beyond imagination. And indeed, during the period we know as the Gilded Age - the late 1800s to the 1920s - American business leaders amassed huge fortunes, creating a suddenly-rich baron class with a fondness for ostentatious displays of newfound wealth. Millionaires built palatial and often gaudy homes in New York City and summer cottages on Long Island and in Newport, Rhode Island. Before long, even refined families like the Astors, who had been wealthy for generations, joined in the whirlwind of architectural excesses. In large cities and then in upscale resort communities, noted established architects like Stanford White and Richard Morris Hunt were designing enormous homes and elegant hotels that mimicked the castles and palaces of Europe. Renaissance, Romanesque, and Rococo styles merged with the opulent European style known as Beaux Arts. The Gilded Age of architecture usually refers to the opulent mansions of the super-wealthy in the United States. The well-to-do built elaborate second homes in the suburbs or in rural settings while at the same time many more people were living in urban tenements and the decaying farmlands of America. Twain was being ironic and satiric in naming this period of American history. Americas Gilded Age The Gilded Age is a time period, an era in history with no specific beginning or end. Families had accumulated wealth from generation to generation - profits from the Industrial Revolution, the building of the railroads, urbanization, the rise of Wall Street and the banking industry, financial gains from the Civil War and Reconstruction, the manufacturing of steel, and the discovery of American crude oil. The names of these families, such as  John Jacob Astor, live on even today. By the time the book The Gilded Age, A Tale of Today was published in 1873, authors Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner could easily describe what  was behind the ostentation of wealth in post-Civil War America. There is no country in the world, sir, that pursues corruption as inveterately as we do, says one character in the book. Now here you are with your railroad complete, and showing its continuation to Hallelujah and thence to Corruptionville. For some observers, the Gilded Age was a time of immorality, dishonesty, and graft. Money is said to have been made off the backs of an expanding immigrant population who found ready employment with men of industry. Men such as John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie are often considered robber barons. Politcal corruption was so pervasive that Twains 19th century book continues to be used as a reference for the 21st century U.S. Senate. In European history this same time period is called the Belle Époque or the Beautiful Age. Architects, too, jumped on the bandwagon of what is often called conspicuous consumption.  Richard Morris Hunt (1827-1895) and Henry Hobson Richardson (1838-1886) were professionally trained in Europe, leading the way to making architecture a valued American profession. Architects the like of Charles Follen McKim (1847-1909) and Stanford White (1853-1906) learned opulence and elegance by working under the leadership of Richardson. Philadelphian Frank Furness (1839-1912) studied under Hunt. The sinking of the Titanic in 1912 put a damper on the boundless optimism and excessive spending of the era. Historians often mark the end of the Gilded Age with the stock market crash of 1929. The grand homes of the Gilded Age now stand as monuments to this time in American history. Many of them are open for tours, and a few have been converted to luxury inns. The 21st Century Gilded Age The great divide between the wealthy few and the poverty of many is not relegated to the end of the 19th century. In reviewing Thomas Pikettys book Capital in the Twenty-First Century, economist Paul Krugman reminds us that It has become a commonplace to say that we are living in a second Gilded Age - or, as Piketty likes to put it, a second Belle Époque - defined by the incredible rise of the one percent. So, where is the equivalent architecture? The Dakota was the first luxury apartment building in New York City during the first Gilded Age. Todays luxury apartments are being designed all over New York City by the likes of Christian de Portzamparc, Frank Gehry, Zaha Hadid, Jean Nouvel, Herzog de Meuron, Annabelle Selldorf, Richard Meier, and Rafael Vià ±oly - they are todays Gilded Age architects. Gilding the Lilly Gilded Age architecture is not so much a type or style of architecture as it describes an extravagance that is not representative of the American population. It falsely characterizes the architecture of the time. To gild is to cover something with a thin layer of gold - to make something appear more worthy than it is or to attempt to improve that which needs no improvement, to overdo, like gilding a lilly. Three centuries earlier than the Gilded Age, even British playwright William Shakespeare used the metaphor in several of his dramas: To gild refined gold, to paint the lily,To throw a perfume on the violet,To smooth the ice, or add another hueUnto the rainbow, or with taper-lightTo seek the beauteous eye of heaven to garnish,Is wasteful and ridiculous excess.- King John, Act 4, Scene 2 All that glitters is not gold;Often have you heard that told:Many a man his life hath soldBut my outside to behold:Gilded tombs do worms enfold.- The Merchant of Venice, Act 2, Scene 7 Architecture of the Gilded Age: Visual Elements Many of the Gilded Age mansions have been taken over by historic societies or transformed by the hospitality industry. The Breakers Mansion is the largest and most elaborate of Newports Gilded Age cottages. It was commissioned by Cornelius Vanderbilt II, designed by architect Richard Morris Hunt, and built oceanside between 1892 and 1895. Across the waters from the Breakers you can live like a millionaire at  Oheka Castle on Long Island in New York State. Built in 1919, the Chà ¢teauesque summer home was built by financier Otto Hermann Kahn. Biltmore Estate and Inn is another Gilded Age mansion that is both a tourist attraction and a place to rest your head in elegance. Constructed for George Washington Vanderbilt at the end of 19th century, Biltmore Estate in Asheville, North Carolina took hundreds of workers five years to complete. Architect Richard Morris Hunt modeled the house after a French Renaissance chateau. Vanderbilt Marble House: Railroad baron William K. Vanderbilt spared no expense when he built a house for his wifes birthday. Designed by Richard Morris Hunt, Vanderbilts grand Marble House,  built between 1888 and 1892, cost $11 million, $7 million of which paid for 500,000 cubic feet of white marble. Much of the interior is gilt with gold. The Vanderbilt Mansion on the Hudson River was designed for Frederick and Louise Vanderbilt. Designed by Charles Follen McKim of McKim, Mead White, the  Neoclassical Beaux-Arts Gilded Age architecture is uniquely set in Hyde Park, New York. Rosecliff Mansion was built for Nevada silver heiress Theresa Fair Oelrichs - not a household American name like the Vanderbilts. Nevertheless, Stanford White of McKim, Mead White designed and constructed the Newport, Rhode Island cottage between 1898 and 1902. Sources Why We’re in a New Gilded Age by Paul Krugman, The New York Review of Books, May 8, 2014 [accessed Jun 19, 2016]Getty Images include Rosecliff Mansion by Mark Sullivan; Biltmore Estate by George Rose; Gold Room of Marble House by Nathan Benn/Corbis; and Vanderbilt Mansion on the Hudson by Ted Spiegel/Corbis

14 Quotes for a Funny Wedding Toast

14 Quotes for a Funny Wedding Toast If youve been asked to give a wedding toast, chances are youre taking your  role seriously. Perhaps too seriously! Often, the best wedding toasts start with a joke, even if they wind up with a sincere wish for the couples future happiness. Why Give a Funny Wedding Toast? Weddings  bring up complicated emotions. For the bride and groom, theres joy along with (in many cases) tremendous anxiety. Sometimes the anxiety is related to the very idea of a permanent commitment; other times its related to aspects of the wedding itself. Will the caterer show up? Will my divorced parents  get into a fight? Will Aunt Jane get drunk and fall into the wedding cake? Similarly, complex emotions come up for parents who are both thrilled and saddened as their child steps into a new role and a new stage of life. Siblings may be delighted, jealous, or even angry about some aspect of the wedding. Best friends may feel left behind. Humor is almost always the best way to break the ice, lower anxiety, and just have fun at a wedding. If youve been asked to give a  wedding toast, chances are you have a close relationship with either the bride, the groom, or both. That means you know which kinds of humor are likely to get a big laugh, and which wont. Funny Wedding Quotes to Choose From Not all of these famous quotes will be right for you, but youll almost certainly find one or two that connect with your particular wedding party! Henny YoungmanThe secret of a happy marriage remains a secret. John MiltonBiochemically, love is just like eating large amounts of chocolate. Henry KissingerNobody will ever win the battle of the sexes. There€s too much fraternizing with the enemy. Cathy CarlyleLove is an electric blanket with somebody else in control of the switch.​ SocratesBy all means, marry; if you get a good wife, youll be happy. If you get a bad one, youll become a philosopher. Rita RudnerI love being married. Its so great to find that one special person you want to annoy for the rest of your life. Mickey RooneyAlways get married early in the morning. That way, if it doesnt work out, you havent wasted a whole day. Henny YoungmanI take my wife everywhere I go. She always finds her way back. Ralph Waldo EmersonA mans wife has more power over him than the state has. Honore de BalzacThe majority of husbands remind me of an orangutan trying to play the violin. Anne Bancroft The best way to get most husbands to do something is to suggest that perhaps theyre too old to do it. Erma Bombeck Marriage has no guarantees. If thats what youre looking for, go live with a car battery! Anonymous A good marriage is one where each partner secretly suspects they got the better deal. Winston  Churchill My most brilliant achievement was my ability to persuade my wife to marry me.

Air Power Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Air Power - Assignment Example The first, fundamental tenet emphasize on attacks on the enemy that a state is fighting. Bombardment must be programmed to occur before the enemy has had a chance to strike. It thus focuses on striking first that would ensure maximum defense. Secondly, there is an emphasis that the planes used for striking or fighting should function in all climatic conditions throughout the year. Thirdly, fighting or bombardment must be done during the day. This would ensure precision that would be aimed at hitting the targets. The fourth tenet is that the training of the operation crew members. It includes those in space and those on the ground that are concerned with the maintenance. The fifth principle entails destruction of the property of the enemy. This involves key areas of the economy such as factories, steel mills, and aluminum plants. It would also include military airbases and even airplane factories. These are the key areas which if targeted, would weaken the enemy completely1. The sixth principle concerns integration of activities that are concerned with bombardment. There should be fighters in the airspace and those on the ground who must coordinate to achieve a certain goal. The seventh principle entails protection of the bombing operations. This would be for the purpose of eluding modern pursuit by the enemy during the bombing action or just immediately after the action has taken place. The eighth principle involves the setting up of facilities that are concerned with carrying research on the latest equipment for fighting. This would ensure efficient carrying out of activities by the troops and in the least time possible. The ninth principle involves a combination of efforts of the ground and air forces. This would provide the necessary support required for the achievement of objectives2. Finally, air power is a complex process made up of various activities such as maintenance team, air